Cardiac arrest
A study showed that while both men and women were both likely to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from a bystander, women were less likely to receive bystander defibrillation. In fact, this gender disparity had increased since 2010. From interviews, the reasons appear to be that bystanders have concerns about exposing a woman's chest in public to attach automatic external defibrillator (AED) pads, worry about causing injury and a misunderstanding of female cardiac arrest. Changing these statistics is likely to require actions such as recruiting more women volunteers for CPR training and using female mannequins with visible female anatomy rather than using default male mannequins.
Reference: Paratz, E. D., et al. (2023). Sex disparities in bystander defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation Plus, 15, 100532.
Blind auditions
In the 1950s, many symphony orchestras changed their hiring practices in an attempt to overcome gender-based hiring. Up until this point, orchestras were dominated by men and often players were handpicked by the conductor. To change this, they implemented blind auditions, where a screen was placed between the musician and the selection panel thereby concealing the identity of the musician. In the following years, the percentage of female musicians in the five highest-ranked orchestras increased from six per cent in 1970 to 21 per cent in 1993.
Reference: Goldin, C., Rouse, C. (2000). Orchestrating impartiality: The impact of "blind" auditions on female musicians. American Economic Review, 90(4), 715-741.
